腫瘤標志物與ELISA檢測
<p> <font face="Calibri" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">ELISA</font><font face="宋體" style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 10.5pt;">是一種經典的免疫分析技術,通過抗體與抗原的特異性結合,來測量生物樣本中的目標分子(如蛋白質、抗體等)。該技術的核心優勢在于特異性強、靈敏度高、操作相對簡便、適合大規模分析且成本效益好。由于商業化發展成熟,市面上有大量標準化的<a href="http://www.war-is-over.com/">elisa試劑盒</a>可供選擇,它們通常無需昂貴的儀器,并能在一定程度上簡化樣本的預處理。正是憑借其高選擇性和高靈敏度,</font><font face="Calibri" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">ELISA</font><font face="宋體" style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 10.5pt;">非常適合從血液等復雜生物基質中檢測特定成分。例如,許多癌癥生物標志物就可以通過血液樣本進行檢測,因此,</font><font face="Calibri" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">ELISA</font><font face="宋體" style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 10.5pt;">已成為一種重要的非侵入性或微創檢測手段,用于定量分析這些標志物并輔助疾病監測。</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <img src="/images/upload/Image/4(7).png" width="500" height="375" alt="上海酶聯生物elisa試劑盒" /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <strong><font face="宋體">什么是腫瘤標志物?</font></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <font face="宋體">腫瘤標志物是指癌細胞或體內其他細胞中存在或產生的任何物質,可用于判斷癌癥或某些良性(非癌癥)疾病。它提供有關癌癥的信息,例如癌癥的侵襲性、是否需要靶向治療或是否對治療有反應等。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <font face="宋體">傳統上,腫瘤標志物是由正常細胞和癌細胞產生的蛋白質或其他物質,但癌細胞產生的量更大。這些物質可存在于某些癌癥患者的血液、尿液、糞便、腫瘤或其他組織或體液中。然而,越來越多的基因組標志物(例如腫瘤基因突變、腫瘤基因表達模式以及腫瘤</font><font face="Calibri">DNA</font><font face="宋體">的非遺傳性改變)被用作腫瘤標志物。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <font face="宋體">目前已鑒定出多種不同的腫瘤標志物并應用于臨床。有些僅與一種癌癥相關,而另一些則與多種不同類型的癌癥相關。目前尚無一種</font><font face="宋體">“通用”腫瘤標志物可以指示所有類型的癌癥。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <font face="宋體">癌癥治療中使用的腫瘤標志物主要有兩種類型,分別用于不同的目的:循環腫瘤標志物和腫瘤組織標志物。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <font face="宋體">循環腫瘤標志物可存在于部分癌癥患者的血液、尿液、糞便或其他體液中。循環腫瘤標志物用于:評估預后,即檢測治療后殘留的癌癥(殘留病灶)或復發的癌癥;評估治療反應;以及監測癌癥是否對治療產生耐藥性。雖然循環腫瘤標志物水平升高可能提示存在癌癥,但僅憑這些指標不足以診斷癌癥。例如,非癌性疾病有時會導致某些腫瘤標志物水平升高。此外,并非所有癌癥患者的腫瘤標志物水平都會升高。因此,循環腫瘤標志物的檢測通常與其他檢測結果(例如活檢或影像學檢查)相結合,以診斷癌癥。在癌癥治療期間也可以定期檢測腫瘤標志物。例如,循環腫瘤標志物水平下降可能提示癌癥對治療有反應,而水平升高或保持不變則可能提示癌癥對治療無反應。循環腫瘤標志物還可以檢測治療結束后的復發(癌癥復發)。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <font face="宋體">常用的循環腫瘤標志物包括降鈣素(在血液中測量),用于評估治療反應、篩查復發和估計髓樣甲狀腺癌的預后;</font><font face="Calibri">CA-125</font><font face="宋體">(在血液中測量),用于監測癌癥治療的有效性和卵巢癌是否復發;β</font><font face="Calibri">-2-</font><font face="宋體">微球蛋白(在血液、尿液或腦脊液中測量),用于評估多發性骨髓瘤、慢性淋巴細胞白血病和某些淋巴瘤的預后和治療反應。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <strong><font face="宋體">腫瘤組織標志物</font></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <font face="宋體">腫瘤組織標志物存在于實際腫瘤中,通常存在于活檢過程中取出的腫瘤樣本中。腫瘤組織標志物用于:癌癥的診斷、分期和</font><font face="Calibri">/</font><font face="宋體">或分類;預后評估;選擇合適的治療方法(例如靶向治療)。在某些類型的癌癥中,腫瘤標志物的水平反映了疾病的分期(程度)和</font><font face="Calibri">/</font><font face="宋體">或患者的預后(可能的結果或病程)。例如,在血液中測量甲胎蛋白,可以評估生殖細胞腫瘤的分期、預后評估和追蹤治療反應。一些腫瘤組織標志物是特定靶向治療的靶點。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0000pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">常用的腫瘤組織標志物包括雌激素受體和孕激素受體(乳腺癌),用于確定激素治療和一些靶向治療是否合適;</font><font face="Calibri">EGFR</font><font face="宋體">基因突變分析(非小細胞肺癌),用于幫助確定治療方法和估計預后;以及</font><font face="Calibri">PD-L1</font><font face="宋體">(在許多癌癥類型中),用于確定稱為免疫檢查點抑制劑的靶向治療是否合適。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0000pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0000pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0000pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">上述腫瘤標志物均可通過酶聯免疫吸附試驗(</font><font face="Calibri">ELISA</font><font face="宋體">)檢測,并在腫瘤診斷和治療中發揮著重要作用。</font><font face="Calibri">ELISA</font><font face="宋體">作為一種常用的癌癥生物標志物檢測方法,具有較高的靈敏度和特異性,為癌癥的早期診斷和治療提供了強有力的支持。未來,隨著生物技術的不斷發展,相信會有更多新技術得到應用,進一步提高癌癥標志物檢測的準確性和全面性。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>