小鼠做實驗的一般管理原則

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">Ａ</span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">飼料飼養(yǎng)</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">：</span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">飼料配方要滿足小白鼠的營養(yǎng)需要，保持相對穩(wěn)定，補充</font>0.5<font face="宋體">～</font><font face="Calibri">l</font><font face="宋體">％的魚肝油，以滿足小白鼠對維生素</font><font face="Calibri">A</font><font face="宋體">．</font><font face="Calibri">D</font><font face="宋體">的需要，否則出現(xiàn)母鼠受孕率低，產(chǎn)仔率下降以及吃食仔鼠等現(xiàn)象。小白鼠是晝伏夜動的動物，采食以夜間為主。因此，鼠罐、盒蓋的同斗內(nèi)要經(jīng)常保持足夠的新鮮干燥飼料。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">在小白鼠大群飼養(yǎng)中，每周應(yīng)有</font>2<font face="宋體">天以上給小白鼠添加飼料，保證不間斷地供給小白鼠飼料。小白鼠一晝夜的飼料量見表。小白鼠的備用飼料應(yīng)嚴(yán)防野鼠、蟑螂等污染。霉雨季節(jié)，小白鼠的干塊飼料要少做勤做，以防發(fā)霉變質(zhì)。供給青飼料時，如發(fā)麥芽，麥芽生好后，用清水沖洗干凈，風(fēng)干之后飼喂。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">小白鼠一晝夜的飼料量（單位：克）</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">ａ小白鼠成年飼料：干塊料</font>5<font face="宋體">～</font><font face="Calibri">6</font><font face="宋體">，麥芽每克約</font><font face="Calibri">19</font><font face="宋體">粒</font><font face="Calibri">3</font><font face="宋體">～</font><font face="Calibri">5</font><font face="宋體">，葵花籽每克約</font><font face="Calibri">12</font><font face="宋體">粒</font><font face="Calibri">0.5</font><font face="宋體">～</font><font face="Calibri">1</font><font face="宋體">；</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">ｂ小白鼠幼年飼料：干塊料</font>1<font face="宋體">～</font><font face="Calibri">3</font><font face="宋體">，麥芽每克約</font><font face="Calibri">19</font><font face="宋體">粒</font><font face="Calibri">0.5</font><font face="宋體">～</font><font face="Calibri">0.25</font><font face="宋體">&lsquo;，葵花籽每克約</font><font face="Calibri">12</font><font face="宋體">粒</font><font face="Calibri">0.1</font><font face="宋體">～</font><font face="Calibri">0.5</font><font face="宋體">。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">Ｂ</span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">清潔衛(wèi)生</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">：</span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">小白鼠的飼養(yǎng)房要保持室外整潔，門窗、墻壁、地面等無塵土，無蜘蛛網(wǎng)，</font>zui<font face="宋體">好是室內(nèi)每月用</font><font face="Calibri">0</font><font face="宋體">．</font><font face="Calibri">1</font><font face="宋體">％的新潔爾滅噴霧消毒</font><font face="Calibri">1</font><font face="宋體">次，室外用</font><font face="Calibri">3</font><font face="宋體">％來蘇爾消毒一次。鼠架每周要用消毒液的濕布擦洗一次。墊料要保持清潔干燥，放在專用的房間內(nèi)貯存，嚴(yán)格防止野鼠、貓、狗等竄入。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">條件允許的情況下，對墊料可采用高壓蒸氣等方法消毒滅菌。鼠罐、鼠金中的墊料更換次數(shù)每周不得少于</font>2<font face="宋體">次。飲水瓶要每月定期煮沸消毒</font><font face="Calibri">1</font><font face="宋體">次，或用</font><font face="Calibri">0</font><font face="宋體">．</font><font face="Calibri">2</font><font face="宋體">％過氧乙酸浸泡</font><font face="Calibri">3</font><font face="宋體">分鐘消毒。飼料</font><font face="Calibri">zui</font><font face="宋體">好也使用高壓蒸氣等方法消毒。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">Ｃ</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">&nbsp;</span></strong></span><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">控制溫濕度</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">：</span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">小白鼠對環(huán)境變化很敏感，濕溫度過高或過低會直接影響小白鼠的生長發(fā)育、生產(chǎn)繁殖，甚至導(dǎo)致小白鼠發(fā)生疾病。因此，要保持溫濕度相對穩(wěn)定。飼養(yǎng)小白鼠的適宜溫度是</font>18<font face="宋體">～</font><font face="Calibri">22</font><font face="宋體">℃。若高于</font><font face="Calibri">35</font><font face="宋體">℃時，明顯影響母鼠的受胎和仔鼠的生長，若低于</font><font face="Calibri">18</font><font face="宋體">℃時，引起幼鼠的發(fā)病或死亡。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">此外，小白鼠</font>zui<font face="宋體">忌溫度忽高忽低，要保持溫度相對穩(wěn)定。這是飼養(yǎng)好小白鼠的一個關(guān)鍵。飼養(yǎng)小白鼠適宜的濕度為</font><font face="Calibri">50</font><font face="宋體">～</font><font face="Calibri">60</font><font face="宋體">％。當(dāng)溫度較低，室內(nèi)易干燥，可采取在地面上灑水或用溫布拖地方法，增加室內(nèi)的濕度。飼養(yǎng)小白鼠，通風(fēng)也很重要。通風(fēng)可以調(diào)節(jié)室內(nèi)溫濕度，保持空氣新鮮。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">如果密度較大，加上糞尿臭氣的蒸發(fā)，尤其是冬季關(guān)閉門窗，室內(nèi)空氣極易污染，致使小白鼠抗病力下降，易感染疾病，這對小白鼠的生長發(fā)育極為有害。對于工作人員的健康，也有一定的影響。因此，要加強鼠舍的通風(fēng)調(diào)節(jié)，裝置電動排風(fēng)扇，每天定時排風(fēng)，或者選擇風(fēng)和日暖的時候，打開門窗，自然通風(fēng)。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">Ｄ</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">&nbsp;</span></strong></span><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">嚴(yán)格防疫</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">：</span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">小白鼠對外來刺激敏感，尤其對鼠癥病毒非常敏感，一旦發(fā)病就無法控制。在小白鼠的飼養(yǎng)管理中，要建立行之有效的嚴(yán)格防疫制度，減少鼠群感染的機會，保持鼠群的健康。凡從外地引進的小白鼠，必須在隔離檢疫房內(nèi)隔離觀察飼養(yǎng)</font>1<font face="宋體">個月，確認(rèn)無病時才能與原鼠群一起飼養(yǎng)。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">飼養(yǎng)管理人員進入鼠舍必須經(jīng)過消毒池（墊），</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">穿戴好工作衣、帽、口罩和工作鞋，離開鼠舍時要脫去外衣、帽等，并要洗手消毒。嚴(yán)禁非工作人員進入小白鼠飼養(yǎng)房。嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行消毒防病措施，嚴(yán)防野生動物如野鼠、蟑螂等進入小白鼠飼養(yǎng)設(shè)施內(nèi)。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>