細菌建立自己的防御性的效果

<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 153);"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;"><font face="宋體">研究人員發現了關于</font>&ldquo;細菌如何生長和繁殖&rdquo;的重要新信息，可能有助于發現極為需要的新抗生素藥物。</span></span></strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">所有細胞都有一個外層，在重要的遺傳信息周圍形成一個保護屏障。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">對于一些細菌來說，當它們在體內傳播時，一個牢固的外層有助于入侵細胞幸免于攻擊；這種保護層是許多常用抗生素的靶標。然而，當細菌細胞分裂并在體內傳播時，這些保護層是如何發展的，關于這方面的知識還存在很多漏洞。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">細菌通過細胞分裂進行傳播；一旦細菌細胞長到其完整尺寸，它就開始收緊圍繞其中部的一條帶子，條帶變得比以往任何時候都緊，直到它</font>zui<font face="宋體">終將舊的細胞分裂成兩個單獨的細胞。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">當這一過程發生時，細胞必須精確復制它的基因組，以便每一個新的細菌細胞都包含跟其他細胞相同的遺傳信息。以這種方式，細菌確保它們在體內傳播時，在每個新的細胞中保持強大的防御機制。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">但是現在，來自紐卡斯爾大學的一個研究小組利用</font>Diamond <font face="宋體">的</font><font face="Calibri">I04-1</font><font face="宋體">光束的強大</font><font face="Calibri">X</font><font face="宋體">射線光，來確定幫助驅動這個分而治之系統的蛋白質的原子結構。</font><font face="Calibri">EzrA</font><font face="宋體">是調節細胞分裂過程的一種重要蛋白質。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">它有助于控制另外一個蛋白質</font>FtsZ<font face="宋體">，該蛋白管理引起細菌細胞分裂為二的條帶的緊縮。然而，</font><font face="Calibri">FtsZ</font><font face="宋體">的原子構造已經弄清，現在，先進的同步加速器技術，可讓科學家們進一步揭示支持這一過程的蛋白質</font><font face="Calibri">EzrA</font><font face="宋體">。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">EzrA<font face="宋體">結構的發現特別有意義，因為它可以幫助確定未來抗生素的新靶點。理解</font><font face="Calibri">EzrA</font><font face="宋體">的原子結構，可以幫助科學家開發出禁用它的方法，從而防止細菌正確地分裂。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">沒有這些至關重要的蛋白質，細菌在其分裂和傳播時，就無法為每一個新細胞產生一個保護性細胞壁，從而使新的細胞暴露于攻擊之下。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">研究表明</font>EzrA<font face="宋體">蛋白的原子結構既美麗又復雜。</font><font face="Calibri">EzrA</font><font face="宋體">的形狀是一種不尋常的構象，就像一個圈，它的中間能夠容納條帶緊縮蛋白</font><font face="Calibri">FtsZ</font><font face="宋體">。</font><font face="Calibri">EzrA</font><font face="宋體">的圈形構造，可以防止</font><font face="Calibri">FtsZ</font><font face="宋體">蛋白逃逸，直到它已經完成其目的：致使細胞條帶收縮和將細胞分裂為二，同時親本細胞的基因組被復制和傳遞給子代。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">因為科學技術的進步，深入研究生物的原子結構，正變得越來越可行。強大的科學機器可讓科學家們看到太小、用標準顯微鏡無法看到的東西。自成立以來，我司一直都支持解析</font>2000<font face="宋體">多種這樣的蛋白質結構。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>