ELISA試劑盒實驗室安全防護的四道防線

<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">ELISA<font face="宋體">試劑盒</font></span></strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">試驗室因為其規劃、修建布局、周圍環境、內部切割及通風條件等的不一樣而有不一樣的室內小氣候。室內小氣候的好壞、好壞，對試驗室作業人員的身體健康有很大的影響。試驗室也因為處理和檢查的標本不一樣、檢查目的和方法不一樣，其藏匿的具有潛在傳染才能的微生物的品種、數量和存在方式亦不一樣。不一樣于研究型試驗室的標本中或生物材猜中也許帶著的潛在病原微生物往往是不知道而多樣的。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">因為試驗室的標本來自不一樣的病人，其傳染性和只病性也是不知道的，一起，試驗室生物安全系統建設的不平衡，所以試驗室安全水平的準確劃分和恰當使用也對比艱難。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">生物安全問題往往是因為一些細節疏忽而導致的，所以建立完善的試驗室生物安全辦理規章制度、生物安全操作規程</font>,<font face="宋體">并在實踐作業中采取辦法嚴保履行</font><font face="Calibri">,</font><font face="宋體">加強試驗室作業人員的訓練、一起重視試驗室作業人員的身體健康、制定試驗室發作獲得性傳染時的應急預案勢在必行。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">試驗室依據運用的一級和二級的防護屏障的不一樣，實驗室生物安全防護水平分為四級，防護水平由低到高擺放即：一級生物安全水平（</font>BSL-1<font face="宋體">）、二級生物安全水平（</font><font face="Calibri">BSL-2</font><font face="宋體">）、三級生物安全水平（</font><font face="Calibri">BSL-3</font><font face="宋體">）和四級生物安全水平（</font><font face="Calibri">BSL-4</font><font face="宋體">）。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">所謂一級防護屏障是指生物安全柜和自己防護裝備等構成的防護屏障，二級防護屏障則是指實驗室的設備結構和通風系統等構成的防護屏障。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">ELISA<font face="宋體">試劑盒</font></span></strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">試驗室安全防護都是依據保證處理特定感染病原體時的工作人員和環境的安全而進行計劃的。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">BSL-1<font face="宋體">：一級生物安全水平</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">BSL-1<font face="宋體">是圍護屏障水陡峭生物安全等級最低的生物實驗室，在該等級實驗室中進行的操作都是在室內打開空間進行的，所以，在其間活動所觸及的生物因子應是已知不致使健康成人感染的微生物。但是，應留心這些微生物或許有或許致使孩童、白叟或免疫患者的機遇感染。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">BSL-2<font face="宋體">：二級生物安全水平</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">BSL-2<font face="宋體">首要用于處理中度危險的病原體，如沙門氏菌屬和乙型肝炎病毒等。這些病原體或許通過意外的經口攝入或經皮膚、黏膜顯露而感染。在遵循標準操作程序的情況下，這些病原體的處理可在打開實驗臺進行。但是，如預期有發作噴濺或可發作氣溶膠時應運用生物安全柜等。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">BSL-3<font face="宋體">：三級生物安全水平</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">BSL-3<font face="宋體">是為應對首要通過氣溶膠傳達的病原微生物如結核分支桿菌等的實驗室操作而計劃的。</font><font face="Calibri">BSL-3</font><font face="宋體">有嚴格的操作規程和程序，運用一級和二級防護屏障，一同對于比方通風系統都有特其他懇求。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">BSL-4<font face="宋體">：四級生物安全水平</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">BSL-4<font face="宋體">用于可致使喪身疾病的病原體的處理和實驗操作，這些病原體或許通過氣溶膠傳達的或許沒有有用的疫苗避免或沒有有用的治療辦法。</font><font face="Calibri">BSL-4</font><font face="宋體">實驗室的實驗操作一般地應在三級生物安全柜內進行，或由身著正壓防護服的工作人員進行操作處理。</font><font face="Calibri">BSL-4</font><font face="宋體">實驗室應是完全獨立的實驗室，其通風系統和廢物處理亦應完全獨立。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">ELISA<font face="宋體">試劑盒</font></span></strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">試驗室在作業過程中也許造成試驗室環境的污染，如離心、混勻、接種、制片、移液、加樣等可發作氣溶膠污染，標本噴濺等可直接污染肌膚黏膜及試驗臺面和地上等。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">別的，因為室內環境空間的約束，設備、人員擁堵以及通風換氣不充分等都也許使試驗室內病原體的濃度添加，使人群在室內被污染的時機顯著大于室外。別的，嚙齒動物、昆蟲等也都可帶著傳播微生物病原體，給試驗室作業人員健康帶來要挾。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>